California v. Byers

In California v. Byers (1971) 402 U.S. 424, a plurality of the United States Supreme Court recognized that "an organized society imposes many burdens on its constituents" ( id. at p. 427), and, as an example, noted "industries must report periodically the volume and content of pollutants discharged into our waters and atmosphere." ( Id. at p. 428.) The court explained that, in this situation, "there is some possibility of prosecution--often a very real one--for criminal offenses disclosed by or deriving from the information that the law compels a person to supply. . . . But under our holdings the mere possibility of incrimination is insufficient to defeat the strong policies in favor of a disclosure called for by such a statute. . . ." (Ibid.)