In Chicago v. Morales, 527 U.S. 41, 53, 54, 144 L. Ed. 2d 67, 119 S. Ct. 1849 (1999), the United States Supreme Court held that a city ordinance designed to reduce crime by criminalizing "loitering" violates the Constitution. The Court stated that "it is apparent that an individual's decision to remain in a public place of his choice is as much a part of his liberty as the freedom of movement inside frontiers that is 'a part of our heritage' or the right to move 'to whatsoever place one's own inclination may direct'" and the ordinance "broadly covers a significant amount" of activity that is constitutionally protected. 527 U.S. at 53-54.