In Rochin v. California (1952) 342 U.S. 165, the Supreme Court emphasized the importance of a case-by-case balancing test to determine whether an invasion into a suspect's body 'shocks the conscience' or involves 'methods too close to the rack and the screw to' be tolerated. There, officers forcibly entered the defendant's bedroom, jumped on him in an unsuccessful effort to force expectoration of morphine capsules he swallowed, and finally retrieved the contraband by having his stomach pumped at a hospital. The court determined this episode offended 'even hardened sensibilities' and suppressed the evidence.