In United States v. Gaudin, 515 U.S. 506, 132 L. Ed. 2d 444, 115 S. Ct. 2310 (1995), the United States Supreme Court considered whether a defendant has a right to have the jury decide the materiality element of perjury. In Gaudin, the Supreme Court, relying on the Fifth and Sixth Amendments, said that the Constitution "requires criminal convictions to rest upon a jury determination that the defendant is guilty of every element of the crime with which he is charged, beyond a reasonable doubt." Id. at 510, 132 L. Ed. 2d at 449. Accordingly, a unanimous Supreme Court held that Defendant Gaudin had the constitutional right to have the jury decide materiality in a prosecution for perjury. See id. at 523, 132 L. Ed. 2d at 458.