In United States v. Sperry Corp., 493 U.S. 52, 110 S. Ct. 387, 107 L. Ed. 2d 290 (1989) the Supreme Court upheld a two-percent deduction from all awards made by the Iran-United States claim tribunal as a "user fee." The collected fees were not used to fund the tribunal, but were deposited directly into the "United States Treasury." 493 U.S. 52 at 54. The Court noted that it "has never held that the amount of a user fee must be precisely calibrated to the use that a party makes of Government services." 493 U.S. at 60. Moreover, the Court rejected a claim that it was improper to charge a party "for the use of procedures that it has been forced to use, or at least that it would rather not have used." 493 U.S. at 63.