Williams v. Florida

In Williams v. Florida (1970) 399 U.S. 78, the United States Supreme Court held that pretrial discovery rules requiring the defendant to "furnish the State with information useful in convicting him" did not violate the defendant's Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination. At issue in Williams was a notice-of-alibi rule that required defendants to give pretrial notice if they intended to claim an alibi, to identify the place they claimed to be at the time of the charged crime, and to provide the names and addresses of alibi witnesses they intended to call. (Id. at p. 79.) The court first explained that defendants affected by the rule are not "compelled" to disclose this information because the obligation arises only if they choose to present an alibi defense. Whenever a defendant presents witnesses, the court explained, "he must reveal their identity and submit them to cross-examination which in itself may prove incriminating or which may furnish the State with leads to incriminating rebuttal evidence. That the defendant faces such a dilemma demanding a choice between complete silence and presenting a defense has never been thought an invasion of the privilege against compelled self-incrimination." (Id. at pp. 83-84.)