In Langford v. Superior Court (1987) 43 Cal.3d 21, the state high court concluded that the use of flash bangs with "reduced explosive power" was not improper in light of restrictions placed on their use by the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD). LAPD guidelines required that officers detonate flash bangs "only after they have seen fully into a targeted room." (Id. at p. 28.) In Langford v. Superior Court, supra, 43 Cal.3d 21, the court applied a balancing test to conclude that the use of a battering ram, with the obvious destruction to property and threat of injury to occupants, may nevertheless be permissible where its use is approved by a magistrate in advance and "there are exigent circumstances amounting to an immediate threat of injury to officers executing the warrant or reasonable grounds to suspect that evidence is being destroyed." (Id. at p. 32.)