In People v. Superior Court (Kaufman) (1974) 12 Cal.3d 421, the Supreme Court went on to hold that resort to the device of use immunity in the face of a claim of privilege against self-incrimination was appropriate and issued a peremptory writ accordingly. In so doing it stated that, "It is manifest that a grant of immunity with a proper protective order would not . . . unduly hamper the prosecution of persons who, in the judgment of the authorities, should be subjected to criminal proceedings . . . . We thus conclude that pursuant to said code section 2019 the respondent court is vested with jurisdiction to issue an appropriate protective order." (Id. at pp. 428-429.) Kaufman stands for the proposition that the trial court, without the benefit of express statutory authorization, can issue a protective order under Code of Civil Procedure section 2019, granting use immunity to a person who is being compelled to submit to discovery in the face of possible self-incrimination.