Matter of Oliver v. Justices of N.Y. Supreme Ct. of N.Y. County

In Matter of Oliver v. Justices of N.Y. Supreme Ct. of N.Y. County (36 NY2d 53, 324 NE2d 348, 364 NYS2d 874 [1974]), the petitioner was tried on one count of murder and the lesser included offense of first-degree manslaughter. After receiving the case, the jury alerted the trial judge that it had reached a partial verdict and was instructed to continue deliberating. Later, the jury reported that it was hopelessly deadlocked and the trial court declared a mistrial. At no point did the jury indicate the nature of the partial verdict, nor did defense counsel ever seek clarification or ask for the taking of a partial verdict. The petitioner then commenced an article 78 proceeding seeking to prohibit retrial on double jeopardy grounds, arguing that the first jury was improperly discharged. This Court in Oliver held that double jeopardy principles did not preclude reprosecution for murder. The Court acknowledged that the trial court was permitted to refuse to accept the declared partial verdict and direct the jury to continue deliberating under CPL 310.70 (1) (b) (ii), but noted that the trial court's failure to instruct the jury to resume its deliberation on "the entire case" as required by the statute left open the possibility that the jury may or may not have recognized that it could properly reopen reconsideration of the partial verdict. The Court therefore determined that the jury's subsequent declaration that it was deadlocked was ambiguous, because it was unclear whether the jury was deadlocked as to both counts or just one. Because the petitioner never sought to clarify the nature of the partial verdict when it was first announced or the status of the partial verdict when the jury declared itself to be deadlocked, we concluded there was no double jeopardy obstacle to retrial.