In Murtha v. Yonkers Child Care Assoc., Inc., 45 NY2d 913 (1978) the Court of Appeals affirmed the dismissal of allegations against individual directors of the defendant Association that they conspired to induce a breach of contract between the plaintiff and the Association. The court relied upon the legal theory that a director or officer of a corporation is not personally liable to someone who contracted with the corporation merely because he or she made good-faith decisions or took steps that resulted in the corporation's breach of the contract. Murtha at 915. Instead, it must be shown that independent torts were committed. Id.