In Zuckerman v. City of New York, 49 N.Y.2d 557 (1980) the Court of Appeals reversed the Appellate Division and granted summary judgment to the Petitioner, where the only paper submitted in opposition to the motion was the affirmation of the opposing attorney. The Court found that the opposing affirmation was without evidentiary value, and that "mere conclusions or expressions of hope or unsubstantiated allegations are insufficient." Id. at 562.