In Zippo Mfg. Co. v. Zippo Dot Com, Inc., 952 F. Supp. 1119, 1124 (W.D. Pa. 1997), the court described a "sliding scale" to determine when a defendant's Internet business subjects it to jurisdiction. At one end: "If the defendant enters into contracts with residents of a foreign jurisdiction that involve the knowing and repeated transmission of computer files over the Internet, personal jurisdiction is proper." Id. However, "a passive Web site that does little more than make information available to those who are interested in it is not grounds for the exercise of personal jurisdiction." Id.