Freeman v. Pitts

In Freeman v. Pitts (1992) 503 U.S. 467, the Supreme Court reviewed a decision of a district court to relinquish control over portions, but not all, of a Georgia school district's desegregation efforts because the court concluded the district was operating in a unitary manner in those areas. (Freeman v. Pitts, supra, 503 U.S. at pp. 471, 474.) The district court, however, retained jurisdiction over the areas where vestiges of the dual system remained: teacher and principal assignments, resource allocations, and the quality of education. (Id. at p. 474.) The Supreme Court concluded that the trial court had the authority to relinquish supervision over a school district "in incremental stages, before full compliance has been achieved in every area of school operations." (Id. at p. 490.) "This discretion derives both from the constitutional authority which justified its intervention in the first instance and its ultimate objectives in formulating the decree." (Id. at p. 489.) The court stated, "Just as a court has the obligation at the outset of a desegregation decree to structure a plan so that all available resources of the court are directed to comprehensive supervision of its decree, so too must a court provide an orderly means for withdrawing from control when it is shown that the school district has attained the requisite degree of compliance. A transition phase in which control is relinquished in a gradual way is an appropriate means to this end." (Id. at pp. 489-490.)