Leland v. Oregon

In Leland v. Oregon (1951) 343 U.S. 790, the United States Supreme Court recognized that 'the basic decisions between guilt and innocence and between criminal responsibility and legal insanity' are different in kind (id. at p. 800.), holding that to place the burden on the defendant to prove his insanity at time of the offense does not relieve the prosecution of proving 'all the necessary elements of guilt.' (Id. at p. 795.) By parity of reasoning, due process is satisfied by Penal Code section 26's requirement that the presumption of a minor's incapacity be rebutted by clear and convincing evidence." (Id. at p. 238.)