Massachusetts v. Sheppard

In Massachusetts v. Sheppard, 468 U.S. 981 (1984), a case in which police officers, acting in good faith, secured a search warrant that later was held invalid because of a clerical error committed by the magistrate who issued the warrant, the United States Supreme Court held: "In sum, the police conduct in this case clearly was objectively reasonable and largely error-free. An error of constitutional dimensions may have been committed with respect to the issuance of the warrant, but it was the judge, not the police officers, who made the critical mistake. 'The exclusionary rule was adopted to deter unlawful searches by police, not to punish the errors of magistrates and judges.' Illinois v. Gates, 462 U.S. 213, 263, 76 L. Ed. 2d 527, 103 S. Ct. 2317 (1983) (White, J., concurring in judgment). Suppressing evidence because the judge failed to make all the necessary clerical corrections despite his assurances that such changes would be made will not serve the deterrent function that the exclusionary rule was designed to achieve. Accordingly, federal law does not require the exclusion of the disputed evidence in this case." (468 U.S. at 990-91.)