Smyth v. Ames, 169 U.S. 466 (1898) was a suit in the Circuit Court of the United States against the members of the State Board of Transportation of Nebraska and other persons and corporations, to enjoin the enforcement of certain rates established by a statute of that State for railroads. In that case it was insisted that the relief sought could only be had in an action brought in the Supreme Court of Nebraska, such being the remedy provided by the statute there in question. That provision, it was contended, took from the Circuit Court of the United States its equity jurisdiction in respect of the rates prescribed, and required the dismissal of the bills. The Court said: "We cannot accept this view of the equity jurisdiction of the Circuit Courts of the United States. The adequacy or inadequacy of a remedy at law for the protection of the rights of one entitled upon any ground to invoke the powers of a Federal court is not to be conclusively determined by the statutes of the particular State in which suit may be brought. One who is entitled to sue in the Federal Circuit Court may invoke its jurisdiction in equity whenever the established principles and rules of equity permit such a suit in that court, and he cannot be deprived of that right by reason of his being allowed to sue at law in a state court on the same cause of action. It is true that an enlargement of equitable rights arising from the statutes of a State may be administered by the Circuit Courts of the United States. Case of Broderick's Will, 21 Wall. 503, 520; Holland v. Challen, 110 U.S. 15, 24; Dick v. Foraker, 155 U.S. 404, 415; Bardon v. Land and River Improv. Co., 157 U.S. 327, 330; Rich v. Braxton, 158 U.S. 375, 405. But if the case in its essence be one cognizable in equity, the plaintiff, the required value being in dispute, may invoke the equity powers of the proper Circuit Court of the United States whenever jurisdiction attaches by reason of diverse citizenship or upon any other ground of Federal jurisdiction. Payne v. Hook, 7 Wall. 425, 430; McConihay v. Wright, 121 U.S. 201, 205. A party, by going into a national court, does not, this court has said, lose any right or appropriate remedy of which he might have availed himself in the state courts of the same locality; that the wise policy of the Constitution gives him a choice of tribunals. Davis v. Gray, 16 Wall. 201, 221; Cowley v. Northern Pacific Railroad Co., 158 U.S. 569, 583."