Vanhorne v. Dorrance (1795)

In Vanhorne v. Dorrance (1795) 2 U.S. 304, the court defines a constitution as follows: "What is a constitution? It is the form of government, delineated by the mighty hand of the people, in which certain first principles of fundamental laws are established. The constitution is certain and fixed; it contains the permanent will of the people, and is the supreme law of the land; it is paramount to the power of the legislature, and can be revoked or altered only by the authority that made it." It was also said that: "The constitution of a state is stable and permanent, not to be worked upon by the temper of the times nor to rise and fall with the tide of events; notwithstanding the competition of opposing interests, and the violence of contending parties, it remains firm and immovable, as a mountain amidst the strife of storms, or a rock in the ocean amidst the raging of the waves."