In S.S. v. State, 972 P.2d 439, 442 (Utah 1998), the Court applied the test for preemption in a manner that tended to elide questions of whether the relevant state provisions undermined federal purposes: "a federal statute will preempt a state statute only in the case of an actual conflict unless the federal statute has been shown to preemptively occupy the field . . . . We find no irreconcilable conflict here. . . . " S.S., 972 P.2d at 443 .