In Yakima County (West Valley) Fire Protection District No. 12 v. City of Yakima, 122 Wn.2d 371, 858 P.2d 245 (1993), in order to secure sewer service from the City of Yakima, homeowners outside the city limits signed agreements binding them to support a future annexation. The homeowners and the local fire district later sought a declaratory judgment nullifying the agreements. On direct review, we affirmed the trial court's dismissal of the fire district for lack of standing. The Court reasoned that, while the fire district's value would be diminished by annexation, the homeowners' annexation agreements did not directly affect the fire district because those agreements did not ensure annexation. They provided only 66 percent of the necessary 75 percent of the property value required for annexation, and a successful annexation petition would remain vulnerable to further governmental review. Thus, although the agreements increased the likelihood of annexation, the fire district's interest in their validity could not satisfy the justiciability requirement of a direct and substantial interest in the dispute over the agreements' validity. Yakima County (West Valley) Fire Prot. Dist. No. 12, 122 Wn.2d at 379-80.